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1995-03-06
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Copyright @ 1995 MSM Systems Ltd. 9802 W. Bell Rd., P.O Box 1184
Sun City, Arizona 85372. Reproduction or translation of any part of
this work beyond that permitted by section 107 or 108 of the Untied States
Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
INTERNET HISTORY
A brief look back at how it all began. The Internet actually originated
in 1969 as an experimental network for the Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
of the U.S. Department of Defense. The network called (ARPANET) was
designed to enable grant scientists to communicate among the ARPANET
originally consisted of four computers, but by 1972, 50 universities had
sites and ARPANET access.
One notable theme of the early planners was fault tolerance and reliability;
it was designed to allow many routes among the computers so that a message
could reach its destination using any possible route, not a single fixed
path.
With all of the computers being interconnected, designers had to develop
a means so various computers could all "speak the same language". Their
solution was a communications protocol, which eventually became known as
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP became
the standard protocol used 1983 and remains the standard to this day.
During the 1980s, several other networks (including a National Science
Foundation) sprang up. Eventually, all of these public and private networks
were interconnected to enable any computer on one of the subnetworks to
access computers in the entire Internet network. Today, the Internet
combines networks of academic, government, and commercial entities
from the United States and over 40 countries.
Explaining Key Internet Concepts
Electronic mail: One of the greatest benefits of the Internet may be Email.
Using the Internet as a gateway, you can send email from Compuserve to the
political science department at the University of Iowa, researcher at
Stanford University, America Online, GEnie, Prodigy, and a host of other
online services or Internet sites.
ListServ mailing lists: Mailing lists are email-based discussion groups.
In stead of a specific individual on the list, messages are sent to a
ListServ address so it everyone who subscribes to the list.
FTP: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a tool for transferring files.
Telnet: Telnet is a tool to allow you to log onto remote computers,
access public databases, and even run applications on the remote host.
Gopher: Gopher is a tool to enable you to browse Internet resources.
Typically, you access the Internet using Gopher by selecting the desired
item from a series of lists continue in a series of lists until you
locate the information you are seeking
World Wide Web (WWW): While Gopher is a menu-based approach to browsing
the Internet. World Wide Web offers an innovative alternative. WWW enables
you to browse the Internet using a hypertext series of links
(like a Windows Help file). When you a select information you may move
to another place within the same location or to another computer away to
browse that information.
Archie: Archie is a index to help you find files in over 1,000 FTP
sites. In practical terms, you could think of Archie as something like
a IBM Filer Finder. The IBMFF accesses the libraries of hundreds of
different databases by which you can search for files.
Veronica: There are many Gopher servers on the Internet. Veronica is a
tool to Gopher server(s) containing information that you need. You can
browse a Veronica like you would a Gopher menu.
Wide Area Information Server (WAIS): WAIS is a system to search Internet
databases.
MSM Systems, Ltd.